The third month of war finds Russia, not the United States, struggling under an unprecedented hacking wave that entwines government activity, political voluntarism, and criminal action.

For more than a decade, U.S. cybersecurity experts have warned about Russian hacking that increasingly uses the labor power of financially motivated criminal gangs to achieve political goals, such as strategically leaking campaign emails.

Cybersecurity lapses at major companies have led to class-action lawsuits and settlements in the hundreds of millions of dollars, including those involving Target, Home Depot, and others.